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Digital technologies are generally considered democratizing tools in the sense that they facilitate democratic involvement in a low-key, nonauthoritarian environment. 21st century policy reports are packed with terms like ‘e-democracy’ – the belief that participation can be democratized through new media applications (many municipalities will, for example, offer online e-services). New media technologies, such as game-based software, used for public participation would then, from the point of view of e-believers, democratize participation.

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